Although ‘the paperless office’ is still a way off, we are all now processing and storing more digital material than ever. One consequence of this shift to digital-only working is that of data protection.
Reflecting this change in the way data is used, the European Commission (EC) has published proposals for a major overhaul of data protection legislation. Presently the law is scattered across an array of directives and member states’ own legislation. The new framework comes in the form of a regulation, meaning that it would be binding without the need for implementation at national level.
Since significant changes could be implemented as early as next year, businesses will want be aware of the potential impact of these.
Individual rights
What is immediately striking is the general drive to give greater protection to individuals’ rights. New definitions make it clear that ‘personal data’ includes anything that can identify an individual. This would apply whether the data were held by the data controller or a third party that, when combined, could identify someone. (Currently in the UK, the same data controller must hold all data necessary to identify an individual.) In practical terms, this could be important where rights holders hand over IP addresses to internet service providers as they can no longer argue that IP addresses are not personal data. Individuals would also gain the ‘right to be forgotten’, enabling them to have their data deleted unless there is a compelling reason to retain it.
Implied consent
There are attempts to move away from the idea of implied consent for the use of data. The UK currently allows data controllers to work on this basis but it is likely that people will have to give much more explicit consent for their data to be used and stored. It is not yet clear what this would mean in practice but probably the days of merely ticking a box online will become a thing of the past.
Cross-jurisdictional issues
An interesting aspect to emerge is the potential cross-jurisdictional effect of the regulation. The rules extend to data controllers outside the EU if the processing relates to either the offer of goods or services to data subjects within the EU, or the monitoring of their behaviour.
This would bring large US companies such as Google, Facebook and Bing into the new regime because of their use of methods like targeted advertising and tracking. Interestingly, EU law defines a child as ‘under 18’ but in the US it is ‘under 13’. This disparity could have huge implications for social media so we can expect heavyweight lobbying in an effort to water down the scope of the proposed change.
If the regulation survives in its present form, businesses of all sizes will be affected. The investigative and enforcement powers of data protection authorities would be significantly strengthened. Individuals’ rights would also be beefed up. Businesses would have to be far more open and transparent about the way they store and transfer data.
Inevitably there will be a knock-on for businesses in terms of the greater administrative burden as well as adapting to a raft of other changes. There is still work to be done but there is a clear impression that data protection is going to become a much bigger issue for every business.
As always, if you need commercial and pragmatic legal advice, we’re here to help so please get in touch.
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